51 Mostly Used Math and Trig Functions in Excel

The Math & Trig functions in Excel are used for basic arithmetic, conditional sum & product, exponent & logarithm, and trigonometric ratios. Some math-related functions are found in the Statistical functions and Engineering functions categories. Here is an overview of the 51 most commonly used, listed alphabetically.

51 Mostly Used Math and Trig Functions in Excel

1. The ABS Function

• Function Objective:

The ABS function finds out the absolute value of a number.

• Syntax:

=ABS(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The absolute value of a number

Use of ABS Function:

2. The BASE Function

• Function Objective:

The BASE function converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base).

• Syntax:

=BASE(number, radix, [min_length])

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix.

Use of BASE Function:

3. The COMBIN Function

• Function Objective:

The COMBIN function returns the number of combinations for a given number of items.

• Syntax:

=COMBIN (number, number_chosen)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

To determine the total possible number of groups for a given number of items.

Use of COMBIN Function:

4. The CEILING.MATH/CEILING Function

• Function Objective:

The CEILING.MATH function is used to round a number up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

• Syntax:

=CEILING.MATH (number, [significance], [mode])

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Rounds a number up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

Use of CEILING.MATH/CEILING Function:

5. The COS Function

• Function Objective:

The COS function is used to return the cosine of the given angle.

• Syntax:

=COS(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Returns the cosine of the given angle.

Use of COS Function:

6. The COSH Function

• Function Objective:

The COSH function is used to return the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

• Syntax:

=COSH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

Use of COSH Function:

7. The COT Function

• Function Objective:

The COT function is used to return the cotangent of an angle specified in radians.

• Syntax:

=COT (number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The cotangent of an angle is specified in radians.

Use of COT Function:

8. The COTH Function

• Function Objective:

The COTH function is applied to return the hyperbolic cotangent of a hyperbolic angle.

• Syntax:

=COTH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The hyperbolic cotangent of a hyperbolic angle.

Use of COTH Function:

9. The CSC Function

• Function Objective:

The CSC function is used to return the cosecant of an angle specified in radians.

• Syntax:

=CSC(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The cosecant of an angle is specified in radians.

Use of CSC Function:

10. The CSCH Function

• Function Objective:

The CSCH function is applied to return the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle specified in radians.

• Syntax:

=CSCH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The hyperbolic cosecant of an angle is specified in radians.

Use of CSCH Function:

11. The DEGREES Function

• Function Objective:

The DEGREES function is applied to convert radians into degrees.

• Syntax:

=DEGREES(angle)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Converts radians into degrees.

Use of DEGREES Function:

12. The DECIMAL Function

• Function Objective:

The DECIMAL function is used to convert a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number.

• Syntax:

=DECIMAL(text, radix)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number.

Use of DECIMAL Function:

13. The EXP Function

• Function Objective:

The EXP function is used to return e raised to the power of number. The constant e equals 2.71828182845904 which is the base of the natural logarithm.

• Syntax:

=EXP(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Returns e raised to the power of number.

Use of EXP Function:

14. The FACT Function

• Function Objective:

The FACT function is applied to return the factorial of a number.

• Syntax:

=FACT(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The factorial of a number.

Use of FACT Function:

15. The FLOOR.MATH/FLOOR Function

• Function Objective:

The FLOOR.MATH function is applied to round a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

• Syntax:

=FLOOR.MATH(number, significance, mode)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

Use of  FLOOR.MATH/FLOOR Function:

16. The GCD Function

• Function Objective:

The GCD function is applied to return the greatest common divisor of two or more integers. The greatest common divisor is the largest integer that divides both number1 and number2 without a remainder.

• Syntax:

=GCD(number1, [number2] …)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The greatest common divisor of two or more integers.

Use of GCD Function:

17. The LCM Function

• Function Objective:

The LCM function is used to return the smallest common multiplex of integers. The smallest common multiple is the least non-negative integer that is a multiplex of integer arguments number1, number2, and so on.

• Syntax:

=LCM(number1, [number2] …)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The least common multiple of integers.

Use of LCM Function:

18. The LN Function

• Function Objective:

The LN function is used to return the natural logarithm of a number. Natural logarithms are based on the constant e (2.71828182845904).

• Syntax:

=LN(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The natural logarithm of a number.

Use of LN Function:

19. The LOG Function

• Function Objective:

The LOG function returns the logarithm of a number to the specified base.

• Syntax:

=LOG(number, [base])

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The logarithm of a number to the specified base.

Use of LOG Function:

20. The LOG10 Function

• Function Objective:

The LOG10 function is applied to return the base-10 logarithm of a number.

• Syntax:

=LOG10(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The base-10 logarithm of a number.

Use of LOG10 Function:

21. The MMULT Function

• Function Objective:

The MMULT function is used to return the matrix product of two arrays array1 and array2. The output is an array with the same number of rows as array1 and the same number of columns as array2.

• Syntax:

=MMULT (array1, array2)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The matrix product of two arrays array1 and array2.

Use of MMULT Function:

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22. The POWER Function

• Function Objective:

The POWER function is used to return the result of a number raised to a power.

• Syntax:

=POWER(number, power)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The result of a number raised to a power.

Use of POWER Function:

23. The PRODUCT Function

• Function Objective:

The PRODUCT function multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the product.

For example, if cells B1 and B2 contain numbers, to multiply those two numbers together, we can use the formula:

= PRODUCT(B1, B2)

It’s the same as multiplying with the mathematical operator (*):

= B1 * B2

The PRODUCT Function is mainly useful when we need to multiply many cells together.

For example,

= PRODUCT(C1:C3, E1:E3)

is the same as

= C1 * C2 * C3 * E1 * E2 * E3

• Syntax:

=PRODUCT(number1, [number2] …)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the product.

Use of PRODUCT Function:

24. The RADIANS Function

• Function Objective:

The RADIANS function is applied to convert degrees to radians. The conversion is calculated by the formula:

180 degrees = π radians

Where π is the mathematical constant, Pi = 3.1416

• Syntax:

=RADIANS(angle)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Converts degrees to radians.

Use of RADIANS Function:

25. The SEC Function

• Function Objective:

The SEC function is used to return the secant of an angle.

• Syntax:

=SEC(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Returns the secant of an angle.

Use of SEC Function:

26. The SECH Function

• Function Objective:

The SECH function is applied to return the hyperbolic secant of an angle. The hyperbolic secant is the reciprocal of the hyperbolic cosine.

• Syntax:

=SECH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The hyperbolic secant of an angle.

Use of SECH Function:

27. The SIN Function

• Function Objective:

The SIN function is used to return the sine of a given angle.

• Syntax:

=SIN(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The sine of the given angle.

Use of SIN Function:

28.  The SINH Function

• Function Objective:

The SINH function is applied to return the hyperbolic sine of a number.

• Syntax:

=SINH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The hyperbolic sine of a number.

Use of SINH Function:

29.  The SUMIF Function

• Function Objective:

The SUMIF function is used to sum the values in a range that meet the criteria that we specify.

• Syntax:

=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The cells are specified by the given criteria.

Use of SUMIF Function:

30. The SUMIFS Function

• Function Objective:

The SUMIFS function is applied to add all of its arguments that satisfy multiple criteria.

• Syntax:

=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2] …)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The cells are specified by multiple criteria.

Use of SUMIFS Function:

31. The TAN Function

• Function Objective:

The TAN function is applied to return the tangent of the given angle.

• Syntax:

=TAN(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The tangent of a number.

Use of TAN Function:

32. The TANH Function

• Function Objective:

The TANH function is used to return the hyperbolic tangent of a number.

• Syntax:

=TANH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.

Use of TANH Function:

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More Math and Trig Functions

33. The ACOS Function

• Function Objective:

The ACOS function is applied to return the arccosine or inverse cosine of a number. The arccosine is the angle whose cosine is a number. The returned angle is given in radians between 0 and π.

• Syntax:

=ACOS(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The arccosine of a number.

Use of ACOS Function:

34. The ACOSH Function

• Function Objective:

The ACOSH function is used to return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number. The inverse hyperbolic cosine is the value whose hyperbolic cosine is the number. So:

ACOSH (COSH (number)) = number

• Syntax:

=ACOSH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.

Use of ACOSH Function:

35. The ACOT Function

• Function Objective:

The ACOT function is applied to return the principal value of the arccotangent or inverse cotangent of a number as an angle, in radians, between 0 and π.

• Syntax:

=ACOT(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The arccotangent of a number.

Use of ACOT Function:

36. The ACOTH Function

• Function Objective:

The ACOTH function is applied to return the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number.

• Syntax:

=ACOTH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The hyperbolic arccotangent of a number.

Use of ACOTH Function:

37. The AGGREGATE Function

• Function Objective:

The AGGREGATE function is used to apply various aggregate functions to a chart or database with the scope to avoid hidden rows as well as error values. It has two different formats −

• Reference Format
• Array Format

Reference Format

• Syntax:

=AGGREGATE(function_num, options, ref1, [ref2] …)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

An aggregate in a list or database.

Array Format

• Syntax:

=AGGREGATE(function_num, options, array, [k])

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

An aggregate in a list or database.

Function_num Table:

Argument [k] Table:

Use of AGGREGATE Function:

38. The ASIN Function

• Function Objective:

The ASIN function is applied to return the arcsine or inverse sine of a given number, and returns an angle in radians, between -π/2 and π/2.

• Syntax:

=ASIN(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Returns the arcsine of a number.

Use of ASIN Function:

39. The ASINH Function

• Function Objective:

The ASINH function is used to return the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number. The inverse hyperbolic sine is the value whose hyperbolic sine is number:

ASINH (SINH (number)) = number

• Syntax:

=ASINH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.

Use of ASINH Function:

40. The ATAN Function

• Function Objective:

The ATAN function is applied to return the arctangent or inverse tangent of a number. The returned angle is given in radians between -π/2 and +π/2. The arctangent is the angle whose tangent is the number.

• Syntax:

=ATAN(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The arctangent of a number.

Use of ATAN Function:

41. The ATANH Function

• Function Objective:

The ATANH function is used to return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number. The inverse hyperbolic tangent is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is the number. So:

ATANH(TANH (number)) = number

• Syntax:

=ATANH(number)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.

Use of ATANH Function:

42. The MROUND Function

• Function Objective:

The MROUND function is used to return a number rounded to the desired multiple. MROUND function is one of fifteen rounding functions in Excel.

• Syntax:

=MROUND(number, multiple)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

A number rounded to the desired multiple.

Use of MROUND Function:

43. The QUOTIENT Function

• Function Objective:

The QUOTIENT function is applied to return the integer portion of a division. Apply this function when you want to discard the remainder of a division.

• Syntax:

=QUOTIENT(numerator, denominator)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The integer portion of a division.

Use of QUOTIENT Function:

44. The ROUND Function

• Function Objective:

The ROUND function is used to round a number to a specified number of digits. ROUND is one of the Excel Rounding Functions.

• Syntax:

=ROUND(number, num_digits)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

Use of ROUND Function:

45. The ROUNDDOWN Function

• Function Objective:

The ROUNDDOWN function is used to round a number down, toward zero. ROUNDDOWN is one of the Excel Rounding Functions.

• Syntax:

=ROUNDDOWN(number, num_digits)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Rounds a number down, toward 0.

Use of ROUNDDOWN Function:

46. The ROUNDUP Function

• Function Objective:

The ROUNDUP function is applied to round a number up, away from 0 (zero). ROUNDUP is one of the Excel Rounding Functions.

• Syntax:

=ROUNDUP(number, num_digits)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Rounds a number up, away from 0.

Use of ROUNDUP Function:

47. The SERIESSUM Function

• Function Objective:

The SERIESSUM function is applied to return the sum of a power series. It can approximate many functions by a power series expansion.

• Syntax:

=SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The sum of a power series is based on the formula.

Use of SERIESSUM Function:

48. The SUMX2MY2 Function

• Function Objective:

The SUMX2MY2 function is applied to return the sum of the difference of squares of respective values in two arrays.

• Syntax:

=SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.

Use of SUMX2MY2 Function:

49. The SUMX2PY2 Function

• Function Objective:

The SUMX2PY2 function is used to return the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.

• Syntax:

=SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The sum of squares of corresponding values in selected two arrays.

Use of SUMX2PY2 Function:

50. The SUMXMY2 Function

• Function Objective:

The SUMXMY2 function is applied to return the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays.

• Syntax:

=SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y)

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

The sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in selected two arrays.

Use of SUMXMY2 Function:

51. The TRUNC Function

• Function Objective:

The TRUNC function is applied to truncate a number to an integer by removing the fractional part of the number.

• Syntax:

=TRUNC(number, [num_digits])

• Arguments Explanation:

• Return Parameter:

Truncates a number.

Use of TRUNC Function:

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